Colles Fracture – Understanding a Common Wrist Injury

Colles Fracture is one of the most frequently encountered fractures of the upper limb, particularly affecting the distal radius bone near the wrist joint. It typically occurs when a person falls forward and instinctively extends the hand to break the fall. The impact transmits force through the palm into the radius, causing it to break just above the wrist. The fracture is often characterized by dorsal displacement and angulation, producing a visible deformity that is sometimes described as a dinner fork appearance.

This injury is especially common among elderly individuals, particularly postmenopausal women whose bone density may already be compromised due to osteoporosis. However, it also affects younger individuals involved in sports, road accidents, or high impact activities. Colles Fracture is not merely a broken bone; it is a traumatic event that affects mobility, independence, and daily function. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent complications such as stiffness, malunion, or chronic pain.

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Causes of Colles Fracture

The primary cause of Colles Fracture is a fall on an outstretched hand. When the body weight and momentum are transferred through the extended wrist, the distal radius bears the brunt of the force. In elderly individuals, even a minor fall can result in fracture due to decreased bone density. Osteoporosis significantly increases susceptibility, as bones become porous and fragile.

Trauma from road traffic accidents, sports injuries, and occupational hazards also contributes. Weak reflexes, poor balance, visual impairment, and slippery surfaces further elevate risk. In younger populations, high velocity impact injuries are common causes, whereas in older adults, low energy falls are sufficient. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low calcium and vitamin D levels, gradually weaken bone structure, making fractures more likely under stress.

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Signs and Symptoms of Colles Fracture

A Colles Fracture typically presents with sudden intense pain in the wrist immediately after trauma. Swelling develops rapidly, accompanied by visible deformity. The wrist may appear bent upward abnormally. Movement becomes painful and limited, and attempts to grip objects intensify discomfort.

Bruising often appears within hours. Tenderness at the fracture site is pronounced. In some cases, nerve compression may cause tingling or numbness in the fingers. Severe cases can involve open wounds or displacement requiring urgent medical care. Even after immobilization, stiffness and weakness may persist if rehabilitation is inadequate.

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Diagnostic Methods for Colles Fracture

Accurate diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging studies. Physicians assess swelling, deformity, tenderness, and range of motion. X ray imaging confirms the fracture pattern, degree of displacement, and angulation. It also helps determine whether the fracture extends into the joint surface.

In complex cases, CT scans may be recommended for detailed evaluation. Early diagnosis is essential for proper alignment and healing. Depending on severity, treatment may involve casting, closed reduction, or surgical fixation using plates and screws. Continuous follow up ensures proper bone union and prevents malalignment.

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Colles Fracture – Ayurvedic View

In Ayurveda, bone is governed by Asthi Dhatu, and fracture is understood as Asthi Bhagna. Trauma primarily aggravates Vata dosha, which is responsible for movement and structural integrity. When Vata becomes aggravated due to injury, dryness, weakness, and instability manifest in the affected region.

Ayurvedic management focuses on stabilizing the bone, pacifying Vata, reducing inflammation, and nourishing Asthi Dhatu. Traditional texts describe Sandhaniya Dravyas, substances that promote union of fractured bones. External therapies using medicated oils and herbal pastes support local healing, while internal medicines strengthen bone tissue and accelerate repair.

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Herbal Remedies for Colles Fracture

Herbal support plays a complementary role in fracture recovery. Hadjod, known botanically as Cissus quadrangularis, is widely recognized in traditional medicine for promoting bone healing. It enhances osteoblastic activity and supports faster union. Laksha, derived from lac resin, has been traditionally used in bone repair formulations.

Ashwagandha strengthens overall tissue resilience and reduces inflammation. Shatavari and Guduchi support immune balance and tissue nourishment. External application of medicated oils prepared with Bala or Dashmool helps reduce swelling and pacify aggravated Vata. Nutritional support with calcium rich natural sources, sesame seeds, and leafy greens enhances structural rebuilding.

Diet and rest remain fundamental. Immobilization ensures stability, while gradual physiotherapy restores movement and strength. Holistic healing addresses both structural repair and systemic balance.

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Conclusion

Colles Fracture is a significant orthopedic injury that requires timely diagnosis and structured treatment. While modern orthopedics ensures mechanical alignment and stabilization, long term recovery depends on bone nourishment, inflammation control, and rehabilitation. Ayurveda offers a supportive framework that enhances bone regeneration, pacifies aggravated Vata, and strengthens Asthi Dhatu naturally.

With disciplined care, proper nutrition, herbal support, and guided physiotherapy, individuals can regain wrist function and prevent long term complications. Integrating traditional wisdom with modern medical care creates a balanced path toward complete recovery and restored mobility.